How to use your raspberry pi as a WIFI to ethernet bridge
I am making this because I ran into issues while following may other tutorials.
Issues like dnsmasq failing to start on boot.
If you run into issues, feel free to submit an issue to this github repo
This was last updated on December 31, 2022.
I am using an old PC and it does not have a built in WiFi reciver so I use a wireless to ethernet bridge that plugs into the wall.
Since the plug has issues and constantally disconnects me from the internet, I wondered if it was possible to use my raspberry pi as the bridge.
It works perfectly and so far has not disconnected my PC from the internet. Finally, I can play on that Minecraft server without being disconnected every 15 minutes.
There are plenty of these (almost the same) tutorials everywhere (they almost seem like copies..) and following them I ran into issues. I decided, “Why not rewrite it, but with what actually works, so no one has to spend a sleepless night trying to fix errors when all they wanted to do was play some multiplayer Minecraft.”
Connect your pi to the internet and ssh into your pi or connect it to a display.
Next, update your raspberry pi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
Install dnsmasq
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq
Configure the ethernet connection
You need to set a static IP. Open the dhcpcd.conf file
sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf
In this file add
interface eth0
static ip_address=192.168.220.1/24
static routers=192.168.220.0
metric 300
interface wlan0
metric 200
Save the changes (CTRL + O, then CTRL + X)
Restart dnsmasq
sudo service dhcpcd restart
Before modifying dnsmasq’s config make a backup copy
sudo mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.orig
Next open the config file
sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
And type the following
interface=eth0 # Use interface eth0
listen-address=192.168.220.1 # Specify the address to listen on
bind-dynamic # Bind to the interface
server=8.8.8.8 # Use Google DNS
domain-needed # Don't forward short names
bogus-priv # Drop the non-routed address spaces.
dhcp-range=192.168.220.50,192.168.220.150,12h # IP range and lease time
Save and exit the editor.
This is where I ran into issues. All the tutorials I found use bind-interfaces, which after some research, I found that it was making dnsmasq start the connection before it was ready. To fix the problem, I replaced bind-interfaces with bind-dynamic.
You now need to configure the Raspberry Pi’s firewall so that it will forward all traffic from the eth0 connection over to the wlan0 connection.
To do this, enable ipv4p IP Forwarding in the sysctl.conf file.
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
In the file find the line that has
#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
and uncomment it:
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
Save and exit the file
You probably dont want to wait until the next reboot for the configuration to load, so run
sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"
Next you need to make wlan0 and eht0 to forward traffic to each other
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -j ACCEPT
Since the iptables are flushed on every boot, you will need to save them somewhere so they are loaded back in on every boot.
sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"
To make the iptables load in on every boot, first run
sudo nano /etc/rc.local
Then add the following above the exit 0
iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat
Save and exit the file
Finally restart dnsmasq
sudo service dnsmasq start
Everything should now be ready. You should have a Raspberry Pi WiFi bridge. To test if its working, plug your device into the Pi’s ethernet port. If your device now has an internet connection, you set everything up successfully.
It is reccommended that you reboot your Pi
sudo reboot